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The benefits of ID-based systems can be found in both improved user convenience and simplification and savings for the carriers. An ID-based system makes it easy to broaden the use of other related services outside of the carriers own business; For example, to combine a trip with rental bikes, taxi or a cup of coffee provided as a courtesy when waiting for a delayed train.
The simplicity of widening the use could lead in the direction of the This flexibility also facilitates the goal of reaching the boundless travel across different modes of transports, carriers and borders. The traveler traveller may have an one ID-based travel document, instead of today, a set of travel cards or apps for those regions and carriers with whom a customer regularly travels. An ID-based system can also allow a genuine ticket-free travel, where the traveler traveller does not need to pre-empt the specific tariffs, zones, coupon values and other business rules of each carrier, but can easily embark on a vehicle and be safe in paying the right fare. This, however, may require reformation of the business rules, so that it will be possible to determine in retrospect how a traveler traveller shall be charged.
Wider use of such ID-based travel documents also enables relatively large savings opportunities as each carrier does not need to issue its own cards and provide its own card management. Though it may be desirable from the marketing point of view, that the customer holds the carriers own card, such coordination must not necessarily be precluded. In the same way that creditcards credit cards are today designed with the logos and profile colors of a retail store, petrol company or airline, it is still a credit card network with the issuing banks which is behind the card.
It can also be noted that, in principle, all of the above-mentioned benefits can be accomplished in a ticket-based system if the traveler traveller uses a connected device (such as a smartphone) that can communicate with the ticketing system in any way - for example through an App. The App also provides the opportunity to interact with the traveler traveller in a way that may not otherwise be possible, for example, through travel planning features and in real time sending traffic information and other events that affect the tripdisturbance notices in real time. The fact that an App can also keep ticket information often means that the ticket validation can be simplified and made more robust, as validation units does not need to be connected to the back end system to the same extent.
Thus, So the largest benefits benefit of ID-based travel arise, as it is possible to reuse a card-based travel document (in the broadest sense) that the traveler already hasis the possibility to use one ID to for several services.
4.1.3 Checking the validity of a travel document
When ID-based traveling travelling is used, the travel document (as previously mentioned) does not contains any ticket information. It is not possible to determine if the traveller has the right to travel by only reading the travel document. An entity intending to accept a particular travel document for ID-based traveling travelling must therefore has to choose between to communicate relevant parts of the travelers' repositories from the underlying ticket system to the validated devices, or to let the traveler board the vehicle and instead stand a credit riskchose to either verify the right to travel on-line with the back end system or allow the passenger to travel without checks with the risk of them not having the right to do so.
If a credit card is used for travel, this credit risk may to some extent be transferred to the credit card issuer (for transactions up to a certain amount) at the price of the transaction fee. In other cases, it is likely appropriate to, selectively and in before hand, communicate travelers rights to the validating equipment where they may become relevant. From a technical point of view, it may require some thought about how such a structure can function on a large scale. It is hardly reasonable that all information should exist everywhere. Well-designed mechanisms are required to determine what information need to be communicated, when and to which devices.
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